A Guide to U.S. Tax for Nonresident Aliens
This tool simplifies the Form 1040-NR instructions, focusing on how your U.S. source income is taxed and the key tax treaty benefits that can reduce your tax liability.
How Your U.S. Income Is Taxed
Effectively Connected Income (ECI)
This is income earned from a U.S. trade or business, such as wages or self-employment income. It is taxed at the same graduated rates as U.S. citizens. You can claim deductions related to this income.
Fixed, Determinable, Annual, or Periodical (FDAP) Income
This is typically passive investment income, like interest, dividends, rents, and royalties. It is taxed at a flat 30% rate (or a lower treaty rate), and deductions are generally not allowed.
Tax Treaty Benefit Simulator
The most significant tax benefit for many nonresidents is a reduced tax rate on FDAP income, thanks to tax treaties. See how it works.
Comparison of Tax Withheld
Available Deductions & Credits
Unlike U.S. residents, nonresident aliens can only claim a limited set of deductions and credits, which are generally tied to Effectively Connected Income.
Itemized Deductions
You can deduct certain itemized expenses on Schedule A (Form 1040-NR), such as state and local income taxes (up to $10k), and charitable contributions to U.S. charities.
Standard Deduction
Generally, nonresident aliens cannot claim the U.S. standard deduction. A rare exception exists for students and business apprentices from India.
Child Credits
The Child Tax Credit and Credit for Other Dependents are generally only available to residents of Canada and Mexico, and U.S. nationals.
Foreign Tax Credit
You can claim a credit for foreign taxes paid on income that is also subject to U.S. tax, but only on income that is effectively connected with your U.S. trade or business.